The journal enters the third year of uninterrupted regular publication with this issue. All your contributions and support has helped us to get the journal indexed with several indexing agencies. The journal is accessible and the full content is readable from anywhere in the world from its website and through all the indexed agencies’ websites.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been accepted as a viable and safe method of treatment for infertile couples. Although a number of studies have been reassuring, there still remains concern about poor perinatal outcomes & congenital anomalies in the babies born. Very few Indian studies on the follow up of ART babies have been reported. Our study evaluates the outcome of babies born as a result of ART treatment at the Department of Reproductive Medicine at Chettinad Medical college and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu. A total of 123 babies were included in our 5 years follow up study. The growth mile stones and cognitive development were assessed through personal check up, telephone calls and emails. Congenital anomalies observed in our study were 4%. None of the anomalies could be attributed directly to ART. Growth and development were normal for all these babies. However further long term follow up and comparison with naturally conceived babies during the same period is required to ensure the safety of these advanced techniques.

Careful positioning under anaesthesia is an important aspect of intraoperative management to minimize morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. Amongst the different positions used in neurosurgery, sitting position is rarely used now a days in the view of high risk of venous air embolism and hemodynamic instability. This article presents a case report of venous air embolism in a pediatric patient who underwent posterior fossa craniotomy in sitting position.

Worm infestations of the eye are rare situations. Among those, ocular Thelaziasis is very uncommon. Case characteristics: 4 months old-girl presented with redness, watering and irritation in the left eye for 2weeks. The Thelazia were present in the conjunctival sac. Intervention/outcome: All worms were removed; Framycetin ointment was applied. The child was asymptomatic within 10 days. Message: Awareness and early detection prevents complications.

Papillary Cystadenoma is a well-circumscribed, benign tumor that originates from the salivary glands, with the cystic cavities showing intraluminal papillary projections. Papillary tumors of the minor salivary glands are quite rare. Most of the lesions described in the literature under the heading 'papillary cystadenoma' histologically resemble an adenolymphoma without the lymphoid component.

Generally seizures occurring in pregnancy are thought to be due to eclampsia. We analyzed patients who were pregnant or in puerperium and presented to our hospital with convulsions, from the years 2007 to 2013. In this period, there were 4315 deliveries in our hospital. We found that 18 patients had convulsions complicating pregnancy & puerperium, an incidence of 0.417%. Of these, 12 were patients had with eclampsia [incidence of 0.27%] and 6 patients had non-eclamptic seizures, with an incidence of 0.139 %. Of these 6 patients, 2 had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The other 4 cases of non-eclamptic seizures in pregnancy were due to cortical venous thrombosis, subarachnoid hemorrhage & neurocysticercosis. None of these patients had a history of epilepsy. We are presenting these cases to highlight that several other conditions apart from eclampsia, need to be considered in a person without epilepsy presenting with convulsions during pregnancy.

Trigeminal schwannomas account for less than 8% of intracranial schwannomas and less than 0.4% of all intracranial tumors. They originate within the ganglion, nerve root, or 1 of the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve. About 50% of these tumors are limited to the middle fossa, while 30% extend into the posterior fossa and 20% are dumbbell-shaped and extend into both fossae. Dumb bell schwannomas pose a great surgical challenge in removing completely. Here we present such an interesting case.

The Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by mitochondrial myopathy due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA and typicallydevelops before the age of twenty. Clinical triad of Kearns-Sayre syndrome are chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), salt and pepper like Pigmentary Retinopathy and Cardiac blocks. KSS prognosis is related to the number of tissues affected and the severity of the alterations. In this article we report a patient who presented with clinical features suggestive of Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

Research, in simpler terms, refers to a quest for knowledge. It can also be defined as a search for pertinent information on any given topic, in a scientific and systematic way. Clinical research broadly falls into two categories based on the assignment of exposures by the investigator – experimental and observational. Experimental trials can be further subdivided into randomized and non-randomized trials; observational studies can be analytical or descriptive. The main feature of an analytical study is the presence of a comparison (control) group. Also, cohort studies, a part of analytical studies, are useful in following up of a study from the time of exposure to outcome. On the contrary, case control studies work in retrospect, i.e from outcome to exposure. Other studies like cross-sectional studies measure both the exposure and outcome at any given point and descriptive studies like case reports have no control group.

“In a certain number of cases of hemi- or crural mono-plegia due to lesions of the central nervous system, I have observed an abnormality in the cutaneous plantar reflex herein described. On the healthy side, pricking the plantar surface causes on the healthy side a normal flexion of the thigh, the leg, foot, and the toes at the metatarsal joint. On the paralyzed side, similar stimulation causes flexion of the thigh, leg and foot, but the toes, instead of flexing, develop an extension movement at the metatarsal joint.

The kidneys perform a wide range of important functions, the prime function of which is to maintain a stable composition of the fluid-bathing cells by selective retention and elimination of water, electrolytes, and other solutes. Chronic renal disease is defined as the presence of kidney damage, or a reduction in the GFR (<90ml/min/1.73m2 ), for 3 or more months. Consultation with the nephrologist is essential before any dental treatment is carried out, in order to determine the condition of the patient, define the best moment for dental treatment, introduce the necessary pharmacological adjustments, or to establish other important aspects for preventing complications in the dental clinic.

Varicocele was first described as a possible causative factor in male infertility in the year 1885 by the British surgeon Barwell1 . Tulloch was the first to publish a case report on varicocelectomy documenting a rise in semen parameters after varicocelectomy2 . More than sixty years later, the role of varicocele in male infertility still remains controversial.