Self-directed learning (SDL) is a teaching and learning approach that places the responsibility of learning on the learner. In this approach, learners take ownership of their learning, set goals, identify resources, and evaluate their own progress towards those goals. SDL has gained popularity in recent years due to its emphasis on learner autonomy, active engagement, and lifelong learning.

Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is responsible for almost 90% of all strokes. Large vessel occlusion is mainly responsible for AIS. Earlier treatment of AIS is associated with improved outcomes. Multimodal imaging methods such as MRI and CT provide information that can help in diagnosing it. These methods are helpful in the prognosis of AIS and in the selection of patients who can be subjected to thrombolytic therapy.

The most common problem faced by today’s sedentary lifestyle is a degenerative change that starts taking place in the most common joint i.e. knee joint. Such a degenerative condition in this joint is called osteoarthritis of the knee. The studies suggest that traction assists in circulation and also helps in decreasing the concentration of noxious irritants. Thus, in this study, dynamic traction has been used and its effects have been studied.

The most common problem faced by today’s sedentary lifestyle is a degenerative change that starts taking place in the most common joint i.e. knee joint. Such a degenerative condition in this joint is called osteoarthritis of the knee. The studies suggest that traction assists in circulation and also helps in decreasing the concentration of noxious irritants. Thus, in this study, dynamic traction has been used and its effects have been studied.

A patient’s quality of life, mortality, and morbidity are all impacted by drug-related problems. These problems can occur at any stage of the prescription, transcription, distribution, and administration of medications. Research into the frequency, manifestations, patterns, and treatment implications of drug-related problems in cardiovascular patients will advance, leading to a rise in patient safety and recovery.

Preimplantation genetic testing is a procedure to evaluate genetically normal embryos and take them for embryo transfer. It helps in identifying chromosomal aneuploidies, mosaicism, and euploid embryos.

Physical inactivity worldwide is a major challenge in preventing various non-communicable diseases. In India, physical inactivity is observed in the average population, mostly in office workers involved with sitting or clerical jobs. Studies showed that there are different barriers, facilitators, and preferences for exercises that already exist for office workers. To our knowledge, no questionnaire currently addresses perceived barriers to exercise among Indian office workers.

Obesity is a major public health problem, which can lead to a reduction in functional capacity and an increase in the risk of mortality. Along with this, there are detrimental effects of menopause which can cause a decrease in functional capacity. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of obesity or increased weight on quadriceps muscle strength as age-related morphological changes are more pronounced in quadriceps.

Wounds in diabetic patients are critical to treat. The use of allopathic drugs has various side effects, hence new natural sources for therapies are vital.

Injections for vaccinations are found to be the most common cause of iatrogenic pain in childhood and the association of pain with such types of vaccinations may result in anxiety and discomfort for children as well as for their family members and the healthcare providers who administer them.

Carcinoma of the liver is the most frequently noticed malignant neoplasm of the liver and it occupies the third position in cancer-related deaths. Epicatechin-3-gallate, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, abbreviated as EGCG, constitutes about 50-75% of the catechins. Administration of EGCG inhibits the proliferation of cancerous cells and encourages cell death (apoptosis). Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that exerts its inhibitory effects on tumours through angiogenesis inhibition. So, the present study was undertaken to analyse the beneficial effects of naturally occurring agents, EGCG and sorafenib, on carcinoma of the liver.

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) has been known to be related to type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. The association of SH with insulin resistance and altered glycemic status has been reported in past studies. We have aimed to look for the relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism with HbA1c levels, among non-diabetic individuals.

Although adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring is widely known, it is not practised in underdeveloped nations due to a lack of awareness and the absence of a central coordinating agency. The recent implementation of the National Pharmacovigilance Programme has encouraged ADR monitoring in some centres.

Transplanting organs and tissues has become a crucial component of healthcare worldwide. Therefore, it has become imperative to increase public awareness of and attitudes regarding organ donation.

Hypertension and diabetes are silent killer diseases. They have many causes and risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Maharashtra among 93 patients diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice towards these diseases. Responses were collected from participants by sending them Google Forms. The form included a KAP questionnaire for hypertension and diabetes. Sixteen questions were related to hypertension, out of which, six questions were based on knowledge, five questions related to attitude, and five questions were based on practice. Similarly, there were 20 questions for diabetes which included six questions related to knowledge, six related to attitude, and eight based on practice.

n this research, Dipterocarpus turbinatus leaf extracts in aqueous, chloroform, ethanol, hexane, and methanol were examined for their phytochemical components and antimicrobial activity.

Achilles tendinopathy is a common type of injury among building construction workers. Construction work is done by both young people and adults. They keep working until their point of exertion not realising the intensity of the injuries caused internally. This study aims to find the prevalence of Achilles pain among building construction workers.

Cricket is one of the most popular sports in India. It requires great teamwork from every player. A fast bowler has an important role in the team. The bowling of fast bowlers involves complex actions of the upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk, due to which they are more prone to injuries. Patellar tendinopathy is a condition characterised by anterior knee pain localised to the inferior pole of the patella. Fast bowling requires a bounce or jump in bowling action which enables the bowler to switch from the run-up phase to the position of back-foot contact. Repetitive high bounce can lead to increasing loading activity and hence can cause damage to the patellar tendon, thereby affecting the performance of the bowler. Therefore, it is necessary to rule out the prevalence of patellar tendinopathy in recreational fast bowlers.

Pelvic girdle and low back pain in working women of the urban population has increased in recent years. The aim of this research was to investigate the prevalence of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle and low back pain in working women of the urban population in the age group of 25 to 40 years.

Cervical spondylosis is a common degenerative neuromuscular condition frequently encountered in young adults. About 25% of people under the age of 40 years show signs of spondylosis, which increases to 50% over the age of 40 years; and about 85% over the age of 60 years. In Unani medicine, cervical spondylosis is described as Waja-ul-Unq (neck pain) under the category of Auja-e-Mafasil which includes all types of joint pain. The symptoms are Waja (pain), Salabat (stiffness) restricted neck and shoulder movements, and Suda’a (headache). This review describes the modern as well as Unani perspectives of cervical spondylosis and its management through various conventional and Unani therapeutic modes. In the view of Unani perspective, it can be concluded that various modes of Ilaj-bit-Tadbeer (regimenal therapies) and pharmacotherapies may be recommended for the management of cervical spondylosis.

Inflation is one of the biggest threats to developing countries. It reduces the value of the rupee, which makes goods and services more expensive. Generally, inflation is acceptable if it is in the range of 5-7% per annum. Medical inflation is much higher than general inflation as it is estimated to be around 20%. The money spent on the services provided by medical practitioners increases year after year, thus medical inflation automatically increases. It refers to an increase in both unit cost and utilisation cost of services.

A dog is a man’s best friend. The relationship between man and dog has transitioned from utility-focused to one of intimate companionship in recent times. There are genuine concerns over the impact of how our modern society handles stray dogs, and the killer disease, rabies, which is not so uncommon in developing countries like India. Pet dogs are cared for better than they were in the distant past. Vaccination awareness is at an all-time high among the public. Dog bites take the lead, closely followed by scorpion stings in our country.1 Stray dogs in our country constitute an ever-prevalent problem. The recent news coverage of the dog attack in Kerala on civilian bystanders, children and veterinarians only uncovers the tip of the iceberg, as most dog attacks do not make public headlines.2 We grossly underestimate the passer-by stories of a neighbour being bitten by a stray dog.

Many conservative treatment approaches are used for patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Nonetheless, only a few studies have been published about physiotherapy treatment for patients with temporomandibular joint disc anterior displacement with reduction.