Greetings from the editorial board of Chettinad Health City Medical Journal. It gives us immense pleasure to bring out the final issue of volume 7. We take this opportunity to thank the authors and reviewers for their constant support and also congratulate the authors for their passion towards research and publishing articles.

To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, self-reported practice and prescription pattern regarding dental floss among dentists. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 dentists around Kelambakkam were randomly selected and included in the study. Among them 17% were Dental faculties, 38% were PG students and 45% were BDS students. A questionnaire format was provided to the dentists and the data were collected and interrupted.

The aim was to determine the awareness of patients about the association of periodontal disease and systemic disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 219 subjects were included in this study. Data was collected based on a questionnaire survey which was distributed among the subjects.

The important functions of the upper respiratory tract are providing warmth, filtration and humidification of the inspired air during spontaneous ventilation. During mechanical ventilation, fresh dry gas is inhaled into the lower respiratory tract through an endotracheal tube to promote loss of moisture and heat, which leads to hypothermia causing adverse effects on the airway homeostasis. Heat and moisture exchanger filter (HMEF) was introduced to provide artificial warming and humidification. The effects of HMEF in increasing the dead space in pediatric patients have not yet been clarified. We report a case with hypercapnoea in a pediatric patient because of the HMEF which was routinely used.

A 2 yr old girl presenting with fever on and o for 7 days with sudden onset of seizure with unconsciousness. On admission baby is unconscious pupillary asymmetry with no response.

Delayed recovery indicates delay in return of consciousness, recovery of protective airway reflexes and resumption of motor activity. There is no single definition of what might constitute delayed awakening or emergence after general anesthesia. Physiologic recovery was complete in 40% of patients by 40 minutes.

Meganucleases can induce local mutagenesis and intentional Double Strand Break (DSB) but the target specificity is low with the Meganucleases. Experiments with Type IIS Restriction enzymes showed that it cannot be useful as they typically recognise 4-8bp palindromic DNA and on average cut DNA once every 4016-65, 536 bases. In addition, there is an overlap of cleavage domain and endonuclease domain in the Type IIs Restriction enzyme. On Further Research, Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR CAS 9 has been discovered and considered as advanced engineering Nucleases due to its target specificity and efficiency. This review generally discusses the advanced engineering nucleases in terms of the structure, mechanisms of action, specificity and target efficiency.

Since the onset of modern biology, the fundamental importance of oxygen for the conversion of useful energy from food by animal cells has been well understood. The unknown part was the mechanism on how the animal cells adapt when the level of oxygen changes. William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza have introduced the concept and the molecular machinery that regulates the gene expression in response to oxygen level variations. For this important contribution to the science, Prof. Thomas Perlmann, secretary of Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine announced on 7th of October, 2019 that the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 to William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza jointly.

The association of thyroid hormone deficiency and atherosclerosis was recognized by Theodore Kocher in patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy.1 The prevalence of thyroid deficiency is about 15% in adult females and little less in adult males.2 During the evaluation of patients with suspected ischemic heart disease, seldom is thyroid function test included.