I am highly privileged to have initiated this special issue on Bio nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary field which has realized many applications in biology and medicine within a very short period. The three consecutive Nobel prizes, viz., Molecular machines (2016), Cryogenic electron microscopy (2017) and Directed evolution of enzymes (2018) reflect the innovations and impact of this fast emerging field.

The problem associated with the textile industries are the direct discharge of coloring chemicals into water body that causes threat to the aquatic lives.

For most developing nations, the development of point-of-care diagnostics is an essential program as it provides a facile and acceptable route to reach the lowest strata of their population. Saliva which is composite, offers a wide range of information on the physiological requisites, is one of the most resourceful body fluids.

Nano research is currently an area of intense scientific research, due to its potential applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields.

Nanoparticles have been extensively used in the field of medicine due to the remarkable ability in delivering therapeutic agents specifically at the site of action. Massive research is carried out using nanomaterials with multiple applications such as imaging, drug targeting and sensing.

Wound healing research aims at developing bioactive material that act as wound dressings for treating chronic wounds that do not heal easily.

The term "intracranial space occupying lesions" is defined as any neoplasm, benign or malignant, primary or secondary, as well as any inflammatory or parasitic mass lying within the cranial cavity. It also includes hematomas, different types of cysts, & vascular malformations. Widely available imaging techniques, Computed Tomography (CT) & Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are used to detect these lesions.

30 year old man presented with headache and seizure evaluated with MRI brain and then CT angiogram of brain.

The outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019 has led to a rush for specific treatment protocols, vaccines and medical devices. Little did scientists realize that the science that they pursued, with outputs in the form of patents and publications, was now required to be delivered on the field. This article reviews the information available in open source on this disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the potential for nanomedicine in the treatment and development of medical devices for handling such conditions.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease which is one of the reasons behind millions of deaths all over the world. This infectious disease is contagious and can be transmitted via sputum, aerosol droplets, thus it is an air-borne disease. TB can be treated using certain drugs to inhibit the bacterial growth, but the main drawback is that they provide less bioavailability and show toxicity to normal cells. Another challenging part is the diagnosis of TB at its early stage though many techniques and equipment’s are developed. In this context, the present short review describes how nanotechnology can be utilized as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool to detect TB at developmental stage and treat it through targeted drug delivery.

An active natural polyphenol compound popularly known as curcumin has found its place in food, textile and pharmaceutical industry. Due to its wide spectrum of targets, curcumin-based researches are finding extensive application in the treatment of many diseases. Therapeutic application of curcumin finds its limitation due to its poor aqueous solubility. Researchers have exploited the application of nanomaterials to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin. Nanocurcumin are extensively studied due to their applications in specific target delivery. This review is an attempt to understand the therapeutic applications of nanocurcumin from recent publications.

Metal oxide nanoparticles are profoundly used in different fields of biological applications as well as in physics due to their unique characteristics of semiconducting nature at nano size. The surface to volume ratio increases enormously thereby making these metal oxide nanoparticles physicochemically different from their bulk counterpart. In this book chapter we will discuss about cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO-NPs) and its different valance states which enables it to act both as a prooxidant as well as an antioxidant. CeO-NPs are used in different products like catalyst in solar cells, sensors and catalyst for detection of certain gases, as antioxidant, in biomedical field etc. Due to its profound applications the toxicity exerted by these CeO-NPs needs to be explored. There are conflicting evidences regarding the toxicity of CeO-NPs as found from previous literatures. In some cases, it is known as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger whereas in some it is known to exert oxidative stress. This dual nature is attributed to the coexistence of its two valance states Ce+3 and Ce+4. Thus, the transition between these two states play an important role in deciding whether CeO-NPs is an oxidant or an antioxidant and how it mimics the different antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). These topics will be discussed elaborately in this review.

Implantation is the eventual step of assisted reproduction, whereas pregnancy is the final goal. It is a very unique phenomenon which is not decodable. The blastocyst becomes connected to the endometrium through the placenta by a secretive dialogue.