The journal enters the second year with this issue. This issue carries several interesting and informative articles, a perspective article, commentaries and case reports. Screening has been the mantra of the last century, which is carried well into this century. Several screening methods were advocated for many chronic conditions - Diabetes, Cancer, and Preeclampsia. Many of these screening methods have now come under careful scrutiny and critical thinking. A perspective article deals with prostate specific antigen screening for prostate cancer.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common illness of infants and children caused by Coxsackie viruses. It occurs in children less than 10 years, commonly less than 4 years. It is common to have outbreaks in summer. Clinical examination of children reveals vesiculopustular lesions over the throat, tonsils, hands(especially palms), feet (especially sole), and buttocks.

Neurocysticercosis is one of the most common CNS infections in both adult and paediatric age group. Giant Neurocysticercosis is a rare phenomenon in brain. Few cases have been reported in adult population . Solitary giant cystic neurocysticercosis in paediatric age group have not been reported in literature. Here, an 8 yr old boy, already a known case of combined immunodeficiency since birth with frequent chest, skin and mucocutaneous infection presented with large intracranial cystic lesion. CT and MRI imaging showed a non contrast enhancing cystic lesion . Intra operatively a cystic lesion with live worm and scolex removed and confirmed with histopathology as Neurocysticercosis. Giant neurocysticercosis has not been reported in severe combined immunodeficiency patients. Hence we present this interesting case.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHLs)are diverse group of blood cancers that include any kind of lymphoma except Hodgkin’s lymphomas1 . NHLs arise from the lymph nodes or extranodal sites. B cell lymphomas are common and T cell lymphomas account for only 10 to 15 % of NHL. Extranodal sites comprise 24% – 48% of NHL cases, commonly occuring sites are GI tract, skin and bone. Rare localizations have also been reported like skeletal muscles comprising 0.5% of Extranodal NHLs2 . There is an increasing incidence of these Extranodal lymphomas during the past decades. Sometimes, Lymphomas present as refractory cellulitis and is diagnosed after failure to respond to antimicrobial therapy. Here we report a rare case of T cell type of NHL arising from gluteal muscle which presented with features mimicking cellulitis.

Aniridia is abnormal hypoplastic iris reduced to rim of tissues and appears as though there is total absence of iris. It is usually bilateral and is a rare condition bound to be missed during neonatal period due to normal blepherospasm of newborns. Such detection requires protocol guided routine systematic examination aided by a check list. Early detection helps in screening for associated ophthalmic conditions, counseling parents for further investigations, management and to avoid medico legal conflicts. In this case report, bilateral aniridia a rare anomaly is associated with Sydney crease another recognized dysmorphology.

Management of lingual thyroid, a very rare anomaly is often associated with risks of incomplete excision and bleeding by the common intraoral approach. The suprahyoid approach of excision provides clear visualization for complete removal and efficient control of bleeding. After reviewing the literature, we report a case of Lingual thyroid with obstruction managed by suprahyoid approach, a safer technique.

Central giant cell granuloma is traditionally considered to be a non neoplastic bone lesion. They usually present as a slow growing asymptomatic lesion involving the jaw bones i.e. maxilla and mandible. This paper presents an interesting case of a central giant cell granuloma in a 23 year old female that clinically presented as a swelling in the left side posterior hard palate region and radiographically with complete obliteration of the left maxillary sinus, with extension to infratemporal fossa region mimicking a malignant neoplasm. Controversy surrounding the pathogenesis, histopathological differential diagnosis and evolving differences in potential treatment modalities for this interesting pathology has also been discussed.

The Hippocratic Oath recited at the medical graduation ceremonies the world over is probably the oldest extant rite of passage. Although the exact date of its composition is not known, it is at least, 2400 years old. According to Orr et al. (1997) , the content of the traditional Hippocratic Oath can be divided into 12 items:Pledge to God: “I swear by Apollo the physician…” Pledge to teachers:promise of collegiality and financial support; Commitment to students: promise to teach those who swear the Oath; pledge to patients:promise to use “ability and judgment.” Appropriate means: use of standard “dietary” care; Limits on means: originally prohibited surgery for renal stones, by deferring to those more qualified; Appropriate ends: the good of the patient &not the physician; Limits on ends: originally prohibited abortion and euthanasia; Justice: “avoiding any voluntary act of impropriety or corruption.” Chastity: originally prohibited sexual contact with patients; Confidentiality: not to repeat anything seen or heard; Accountability: Prayer that the physician be favored by the gods if the Oath is kept, and punished if it is not kept.

Presently it seems that adequate rural healthcare in India is a virtual pot of gold at the end of a long winding road. While we are making great strides in upgrading our healthcare infrastructure and resources to world standards in the metropolises and other cities, the gap in accessibility to these resources between the urban and rural population within the country is ever increasing.

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the cells of prostate gland. It is present in small quantities in the serum of men with healthy prostate but is often elevated in presence of prostate cancer and other prostate disorders.A Blood test to measure PSA is considered the most effective test currently available for early detection of prostate cancer but this effectiveness has also been questioned.